What is required to consider an action a crime?

To consider an action a crime, it is essential that there is harm as an external consequence. In criminal law, an act is generally classified as a crime when it produces a negative impact on individuals, society, or property. This harm often manifests as the violation of laws designed to maintain public order and protect citizens. The presence of harm is a critical component that differentiates a criminal act from other types of wrongful actions, such as breaches of contract or civil matters.

In contrast, options that suggest intentional violations of contracts, agreements between parties, or the presence of witnesses do not align with the fundamental aspects of what constitutes a crime. Criminal law focuses on actions that result in societal harm rather than breaches of private agreements or the need for witnesses. Thus, without the element of harm, an action typically cannot be categorized as a crime.